ABSTRACT
Restaurant enterprises should strive to constantly adapt to customer needs and ever-changing market conditions, offering appropriate services, identifying adequate methods of communication and promotion. The article is aimed at studying modern methods of promotion and determining the most appropriate restaurant services for this in wartime. The article discusses the essence and directions of application of modern methods of promotion. It is proved that promotion methods are very important both during the COVID-19 pandemic and during the war, and the variability of the market environment necessitates the innovative orientation of the restaurant business. The relevance of the creation and use of modern methods of promotion in restaurant facilities is substantiated. The definitions of the essence of the concepts of left-pointing-double-angle promotion right-pointing-double-angle , left-pointing-double-angle traditional forms of promotion right-pointing-double-angle have been improved. Promotion of restaurants is one of the mandatory directions of successful business. It is determined that the pandemic and martial law have significantly changed the conditions of existence of the restaurant business in Ukraine, but the current trends in the development of promotion methods can improve the state of this area, i. e.: automation, which has become a key trend in visitor service procedures - from receiving orders to calculating visitors;personalization - the possibility of the visitor feeling of interest on the part of the institution to his preferences in food and service, special needs, etc.;playing on the feelings and emotions of visitors - the main share of the content;influencer marketing, that is, using the authority of popular bloggers, sites and pages in social networks of famous people, which allows creating and conveying to the target audience the content that is better remembered due to its emotional component;charity and volunteering that help raise the image of the restaurant. Complete and reliable information about customers and their preferences plays a significant role in promotion. The main modern methods of promotion are highlighted, with the help of which the enterprise will not only earn decent money, but also become popular in the city. Each of these methods is unique and requires the attention of marketers, you also need to have a specific strategy on how to use each method. The modern consumer has become more demanding both to the product itself and to the ways it has to be presented. Therefore, the more unique the method of providing information, the more successful the advertising will be.
ABSTRACT
At the current stage of the development of society, where everything is fast-moving and changing, the ability to respond flexibly and adapt to changes is extremely important for the functioning of all branches of the economy. Changing technologies, generations, penetration of the information factor into all spheres of human life form new requirements on the market. The modern tourist market needs innovative, creative, spontaneous, and most importantly, effective solutions that will enable enterprises to function with the least losses. The article is devoted to the study of the peculiarities of the functioning of the tourist market in the conditions of constantly arising risks and the determination of ways to overcome them. The main groups of risks affecting the tourism industry are considered. The dynamics of international tourist arrivals and the influence of various factors that caused the reduction of tourist activity in the world were studied. The main reasons for such negative changes, their consequences on the tourism market of individual countries and the world industry in general are established, as well as ways to combat them are analyzed. The article determines that the activity of the tourism sector largely depends on external factors that are practically beyond control. The biggest losses are caused by epidemics and diseases, among which the COVID-19 pandemic was the most extensive in terms of consequences, as the lack of response measures caused a temporary stagnation in the industry, which required an accelerated search for solutions. In addition, the article highlights the basics of anti-crisis management in tourism and the stages of its implementation. According to the results of the study, the necessity of introducing risk management in the tourism industry is substantiated.
ABSTRACT
There is no doubt that coronavirus has succeeded in crippling businesses and people worldwide. It has led to unprecedented economic crisis in countries around the world. The tourism sector isn't an exception to its devastating impacts. The virus has succeeded in affecting not just the economy. In addition to such, job opportunities, and regional developments in local communities have been greatly affected. Tourism throughout the world has been stagnant since the month of April 2020 due to the advent of COVID-19. Given this temporary problem, economies and employment rates have been affected to a great extent. Also, local communities around the world are struggling to survive. In most countries, 50% the revenue generated from exports is contributed by tourism. This means it is a major contributor of GDP (Gross Domestic Product) as well as employment. The major aim of this paper is to carry out an objective review that can enable researchers and experts understand as well as manage the impacts of COVID-19 on tourism. For this to be achieved, this paper discussed the transformational opportunities presented by COVID-19 including questions that it raises. The paper attempts to identify pre-assumptions, institutions, and fundamental values which the tourism industry including other academia need to challenge for development to be achieved. Furthermore, the paper discusses the major impacts, experiences and behaviors being experienced by the 3 stakeholders in the tourism industry - social cost, supply, and demand. Just as measures have been adopted by countries to ameliorate the situation, recommendations have been put forward to ensure speedy recovery of the sector.
ABSTRACT
The development of domestic tourism is marked as one of the positive changes caused by the COVID-19 virus pandemic. The always popular spa destinations in Serbia are becoming more and more visited. Accordingly, it is necessary to determine which factors lead to the satisfaction or dissatisfaction of domestic guests in hotels. This paper will examine the satisfaction and dissatisfaction of hotel guests who shared their experiences through reviews on the Booking.com platform. The sample consisted of hotel guests in Vrnjacka Banja, because this destination stands out as the most visited during the coronary virus pandemic in Serbia. During August 2021, a total of 533 reviews of domestic tourists were collected, and the analysis of the obtained data was performed with the help of the SPSS 20 social science package and the RapidMiner data mining software. The analysis of the results revealed that a total of 8 factors affected the satisfaction of hotel guests during the corona virus pandemic, while a total of 5 factors influenced the dissatisfaction. The obtained results will help hotel managers in creating adequate strategies to improve those factors that are a source of dissatisfaction of guests such as the service provided, room equipment or additional facilities.
ABSTRACT
The COVID-19 pandemic has changed tourist flows, reducing the number of international tourist arrivals around the world. One of the ways to protect the tourism industry from the ongoing health crisis was through the stimulation of domestic and proximity tourism. During the COVID-19 pandemic in Serbia, domestic tourists were attracted tospa destinations such as Vrnjacka Banja. Thus, residents of this small-town destination experienced a great influx of tourists, alteringtheir everyday lives. This paper examines the quality of life domains of Vrnjacka Banja residents during the pandemic and their support for sustainable tourism initiatives in the viable future. Study findings suggest that spirituality and support from friends and general quality of life as identified domains of quality of life during the pandemic emerged as antecedents of support for sustainable tourism. The study contributes to the existing tourism knowledge by acknowledging the capacity of different domains of resident' quality of life in the pandemic context to frame future sustainable tourism initiatives.
ABSTRACT
Besides obvious negative consequences for people's health, the COVID-19 pandemic placed significant negative consequences on the economy as well. Since pandemic made tourism and travel almost impossible, these industries of tourism and hospitality suffered the most. The aim of this paper is to assess whether the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic has caused a change in the level of profitability of companies from hotel industry in the Republic of Serbia. The research sample consisted of 100 companies from hotel industry in the Republic of Serbia, where their operations in 2019 and 2020 were observed. The Operating Profit Margin, Net Profit Margin, Return on Assets and Return on Equity were used for the purposes of measuring profitability. The research determined that in the largest number of observed hotel companies in 2020, there was a decrease in profitability considering all four used indicators. By applying the Wilcoxon rank test and the t-test of paired samples, it was determined that the mentioned reductions in the used profitability indicators are statistically significant.
ABSTRACT
The aim of the study is to identify, and present the CSR practices that have been, and are also currently being implemented by football clubs in the era of the Covid-19 pandemic. Moreover, it also strives to assess the impact of these practices on media coverage. The results of the research show that among the posts published by Zaglebie Sosnowiec on social media platforms, such as their official Facebook profile, and the posts about the results of the matches, tend to achieve the greatest reach. However, on the contrary, posts presenting the ongoing CSR initiatives for the local community come tend to take a backseat, and are considered to be secondary. Furthermore, when it comes to other posts that are related to sports activities or personalities (footballers' birthdays, match previews and information about sponsors), their reach does not tend to differ. From an empirical point of view, this study proves that CSR activities are an imperative element of building relationships with the club's stakeholders.
ABSTRACT
The coronavirus pandemic has strongly affected every sector of the economy. Every organization, every employee within the organizations, had to adapt to the situation and adopt new ways of doing the work at the workplace. Of course, the development of human resources within organizations has acquired another dimension. The focus was on trying to maintain jobs and developing human resources through the means available to the organization in this pandemic context. Telework was introduced and human resource financing activities through European projects were reduced. The implementation of projects with non-reimbursable European funding was quite difficult during the state of emergency and then in the state of alert, which led to a decrease in continuous professional training activity and, implicitly, to the development of human resources in the South-West Oltenia region.
ABSTRACT
This special issue aims to move the field forward in our understanding of and commitment to dismantling systemic racism within and beyond the spheres of sport, and to offer practical and tangible suggestions for sport psychology professionals to become truly anti-racist in their work. The first article explores the lived experiences of Black student-athletes navigating their way through a world in which Black people and those from other minoritized groups are routinely victimized, brutalized, and murdered by those supposedly in authority, and in which the COVID-19 pandemic disproportionately impacted minoritized groups across the globe. The authors offer practical applications for developing and implementing anti-racist practices within sporting organizations and in the wider world. The second article discusses the normalization of whiteness in sport, the ways in which women student-athletes of color experience, negotiate, and navigate whiteness in their everyday lives, and offers insights into how sport and exercise psychology professionals might work to disrupt white normativity and disrupt systemic racism. The third article explores the obstacles to effective mentorship for black, indigenous and people of color (BIPOC) practitioners in the traditionally white field of sport and exercise psychology. Through lenses of critical race theory, feminist and womanist mentorship practices, and intersectionality, a model of mentorship that aims to foster well-being and retention for BIPOC professionals is presented. The fourth article provides an in-depth exploration of African American female Olympians' lived-experiences of navigating intersectional identity transitions through various career stages. Moreover, practical implications for offering culturally competent service delivery and therefore supporting athletes' well-being and performance goals through identity transitions are offered. The final article provides an insight into how diversifying and therefore legitimizing forms of knowledge might expand our understanding and application of sport and exercise psychology practices, with an investigation into the perspectives of Maori sport and exercise academics, health professionals, athletes, and coaches.
ABSTRACT
Post COVID-19 pandemic, tourists remain eager to sample local food when visiting new destinations. However, being in a strange island environment and eating unfamiliar food, may enhance the feeling of uncertainty, thus increase Western tourists' perceived risk particularly with unfamiliar food and culture. International tourists may perceive unfamiliar foods as strange or even dangerous, which could affect the overall tourism experience. Western tourists' risk perception towards local island food in Malaysia remains unexplored despite the popularity of island destinations. The present study aims to explore Western tourists' perceived risk factors regarding local island food and their impact on willingness-to-try. Adopting a qualitative stance, semi-structured interviews were conducted between July and August 2020 involving nine Western tourists (two male, seven female) at various food outlets in Perhentian and Redang Island. The data were analyzed using thematic analysis and aided with Atlas.ti software. Results indicated the presence of perceived health risk, environmental and safety risk. Hedonism and the emotional connection remain a key attraction to the island-style dining experience.
ABSTRACT
Various academic studies have been conducted on customer and employee satisfaction in the service industries. This research focuses on the hotel sector, exploring (1) job satisfaction (intrinsic, extrinsic, and general) in departments whose employees most frequently come into contact with hotel customers (reception, housekeeping, bar and restaurant, kitchen, and entertainment);and (2) customer satisfaction for these departments. The aim of this research is to examine customer and job satisfaction in the aforementioned departments in greater depth. The research was carried out at the beginning of the 2021 summer season, during the COVID-19 pandemic. A sample of 1,488 individuals was analyzed to find out if employee job satisfaction can predict customer satisfaction. Customer satisfaction was minimally explained by the three dimensions of employee satisfaction (intrinsic, extrinsic, and general), although not in all departments. Extrinsic employee satisfaction achieved higher results than intrinsic employee satisfaction in the reception, kitchen, and bar and restaurant departments. The results show a clear difference between departments that are managed directly by the hotel and those that are outsourced (housekeeping and entertainment), which did not show a predictive relationship between employee and customer satisfaction.
ABSTRACT
COVID-19 has affected sport events, marathons, and trail-running events. Thus, it has become essential to understand the attitudes and intentions of runners, regarding their participation in the races. Therefore, this study aims to examine the changes in runners' attitudes relating to their decision whether to participate in races, and changes in their habits because of the pandemic. Employing a qualitative research design, data were collected from 12 interviewees in Ephesus Ultra Marathon Trail Race, and by using participatory observation method. The results revealed that the participants' motivations for participating in race events during the pandemic were socialization, healthy living, realizing their goals, and maintaining friendships. Despite the risks, the participants did not hesitate to participate in events for their belief in athlete immunity, confidence in individual precautions, their respect for the rules and the absence of fear. However, the decrease in the number of activities was found to create dissatisfaction, as it limited socialization.
ABSTRACT
Covid-19 outbreak, which emerged in December 2019, deeply affected the economies. During the Covid-19 outbreak, there was a significant decline in restaurant revenues, foreign currency inflows and employment. Moreover, the outbreak has caused radical changes in lifestyles and consumer behaviors. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the user comments on the TripAdvisor website regarding Safe Tourism Certified restaurants in Turkey during the Covid-19 outbreak. The universe considered in this study comprised users who ate at Safe Tourism Certified restaurants in Turkey and commented on the Tripadvisor website. The content analysis method, which is used in qualitative research methodologies, was applied. In this context, a total of 922 reviews for 98 Safe Tourism Certified restaurants on the Tripadvisor website over the period of 11 March 2020- 20 April 2022 were examined with the help of Nvivo 12 program. It was revealed that 80.6% of the customer comments were positive. The most emphasized factors in the comments were taste, price, attitude and behavior of the employee, view, food and beverage quality, cleanliness, punctuality, employee care and Covid-19 security measures. These findings can assist in understanding the nature of consumer perceptions during pandemic.
ABSTRACT
The tourism sector plays a significant role in Africa's economic development. However, African countries are weak contenders in global tourism, hence, it is important to develop mechanisms to elevate the continent tourism performance. The World Economic Forum identifies health and hygiene as one of the 14 pillars necessary to enhance tourism competitiveness. Through the use of literature review approach, this study investigates the tourism related health and hygiene practices utilised by Mauritius and Egypt that contributed to their success story in tourism competitiveness. The findings highlight practices inclusive of;development of health and hygiene policies, regulations and guidelines, enforcement of policy implementations, government funding health related initiatives, and COVID-19 regulations as supportive structures of the two countries' tourism competitiveness. This study further provides short- and medium-term recommendations that could be adopted to improve the health and hygiene environment to support tourism activities.
ABSTRACT
This research paper explores the conceptual structure of the literature published on "customer satisfaction" and identifies novel research gaps. For the purpose of the study, we create the co-occurrence networks and conduct thematic analysis as well as factorial analysis of the content of the papers published on customer satisfaction in the last two decades (2000-2020) in tourism and hospitality journals. We use 'R' software to conduct the analysis based on the data retrieved from the web of science database. Findings from the network analysis and thematic analysis are discussed to identify novel research gaps to further advance the ever-evolving field of research on "customer satisfaction". Our purpose with this paper is to bring to light the research gaps using a systematic, quantitative and objective technique of drawing the conceptual structure. Findings reveal that research on customer satisfaction in emerging contexts and restaurant research prominently deserve further attention, including work that compares customer expectation and satisfaction pre-and-post COVID in a context such as restaurants, destination tourism, and sharing economy, to name a few.
ABSTRACT
This study performed an exhaustive analysis of the context that has given rise to the related phenomena of tourism-phobia and touristification in the city of Barcelona. The Quintuple Helix innovation model developed by Carayannis, Barth, and Campbell is used as a model of open innovation to present a new perspective through which to counter the challenges of today's society. The Quintuple Helix supports the formation of a win-win situation between ecology, knowledge, and innovation, thereby creating synergies between economy, society, and democracy. The research also draws on the strategic city plan of Barcelona, articles in the specialized press, and reports presenting the opinions of a diverse range of professionals. The statistical data from official bodies and the answers to a questionnaire are validated through the World Tourism Organisation (UNWTO) model. The research analysis is a process of innovation that has not yet begun, thereby highlighting exciting questions about the potential role of the different actors involved. Our results support the idea that tourism-phobia in Barcelona remains uncontrolled and that a lack of understanding exists between the different actors. This leads to a fragile innovation process that is incapable of solving the social challenges posed by the tourism monoculture. The study offers a precise diagnosis of the actors' lack of control and cohesion and suggests that policymakers rethink how to manage the city together with tourism rather than focusing solely on tourist activities. Finally, we find that the current context of the Covid-19 pandemic perpetuates a model of unsustainable tourism-philia that will eventually feed back into tourism-phobia.
ABSTRACT
The purpose of this study is to explore how tourism and hospitality firms managed marketing communications (marcom) since the COVID-19 outbreak and to propose a conceptual framework on marcom challenges that the pandemic crisis has brought to the industry. In-depth interviews were conducted with tourism and hospitality managers in Croatia, a destination that registered remarkable tourism results in 2021. The proposed conceptual framework reflects the adaptation process and major changes in B2C (business-to-consumer) and B2B (business-to-business) communication since the COVID-19 outbreak on one hand and resulting strategic opportunities for marcom managers on the other, discussed in terms of practical implications. To the best of the authors' knowledge, this is the first study that presents an integrative overview of major challenges in marketing communications in tourism and hospitality since the COVID-19 outbreak by examining managers' viewpoints through in-depth interviews. The study not only proposes a conceptual framework for understanding changes and opportunities that emerged in a situation of a systematic health emergency but also provides meaningful guidelines and implications for the global tourism and hospitality industry, as managers from many countries have been facing similar difficulties and challenges during the pandemic.
ABSTRACT
The main purpose of this study is to determine the mediating role of perceived risk in the impact of tourist behavior on liminoid behavior in the Covid-19 pandemic process and the risk perceived at the level of acting liminoid behaviors. The main research question of the study is to what extent liminoid behaviors are perceived as risky by healthcare professionals in the context of tourist behavior despite the precautions. Participants consist of healthcare professionals working in the health sector in Turkey in 2020. A total of 135 questionnaires were obtained using random sampling with the participation of healthcare professionals working in different hospitals in Turkey. Factor analysis and Partial Least Squares structural modeling (PLS) were applied in the analysis of the collected data. According to the analysis results, perceived risk has a mediating effect between the covid tourist behavior and liminoid behavior in various contexts. As one of the prominent findings, it was concluded that the time risk perceived by the participants mediated the relationship between tourist behavior affected by the pandemic and liminoid behavior. Also the relationship between tourist behavior and the subscales of the risk factor will enable the determination of tourism strategies to be developed for tourist behavior.
ABSTRACT
Community-based tourism (CBT) have been challenged in the Coronavirus 2019 era. This qualitative research aims to explain the CBT management during the Coronavirus 2019 pandemic in five communities of five provinces along the Andaman coast of Thailand. The data were collected via online in-depth interviews and online focus group discussions, from totally 10 key informants of CBT entrepreneurs (two from each province/community). The data were analyzed by using content analysis. The results revealed that the CBT management during the Coronavirus 2019 pandemic was based on the communities' cultural and natural resources. The tourism operation was focused on building confidence and safety for tourists.
ABSTRACT
This paper presents the results of a multidisciplinary research project carried on during the Covid-19 Pandemic and supported by TUBITAK (The Scientific and Technological Research Council of Turkey). The results are gathered from six months of field and office work, as the project was limited with this period. The archaeological site of Letoon in Mugla/Turkey has been chosen as the test area, specifically the triple temples of Leto, Apollo, and Artemis. Photogrammetric reconstruction of the current situation, as well as archaeologically accurate 3D models, have been created and converted into interactive immersive VR content to measure consumer behaviour and experience. These two different types of 3D content are integrated into the VR environment both separately and as a single content with switching from one to the other. After the creation process, the content was experienced by the visitors with different demographic characteristics and a survey was conducted to measure this experience.